![]() ![]() Cayan S, Doruk E, Bozlu M, Akbay E, Apaydin D, Ulusoy E, et al. Elevated post-void residual (PVR) was regarded as an important poor prognostic factor in NMNE while the prevalence rate of elevated PVR is assumed to be low in children with MNE ( 5 5. Practical consensus guidelines for the management of enuresis. Vande Walle J, Rittig S, Bauer S, Eggert P, Marschall-Kehrel D, Tekgul S, et al. ![]() The predictive factors for response to medical treatment include age, disease severity, nocturnal diuresis and functional bladder capacity ( 3 3. For enuresis symptoms in NMNE and MNE, the management included enuresis alarm as behavioral therapy and desmopressin. The first-line management of NMNE is to manage constipation, lower urinary tract symptoms and comorbid behavioral disorders. The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function in children and adolescents: report from the Standardisation Committee of the International Children's Continence Society. ![]() Nevéus T, von Gontard A, Hoebeke P, Hjälmås K, Bauer S, Bower W, et al. Enuretic children can be classified as non-monosymptomatic (NMNE) or monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE), depending on whether the child has daytime lower urinary tract symptoms or not ( 4 4. The etiology could be attributed to nocturnal polyuria, small functional bladder capacity, arousal problem, or a mixture of the etiologies ( 3 3. The prevalence of infrequent bedwetting and nocturnal enuresis in childhood. Differences in characteristics of nocturnal enuresis between children and adolescents: a critical appraisal from a large epidemiological study. Yeung CK, Sreedhar B, Sihoe JD, Sit FK, Lau J. Nocturnal enuresis is defined as intermittent incontinence of urine during sleeping, with prevalence of 16.1% and 10.1% at age of 5 and 7 years, respectively, and decreasing as age increases ( 1 1. Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic Enuresis Child In managing pediatric enuresis, elevated PVR is a significant predictor for lower chance of complete response to treatment whether they had high DVSS or not. Multivariate analysis revealed that only elevated PVR (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.12-0.80) and NP (HR 2.8, 95% CI 1.10-7.28) were significant predictors for complete response. Univariate analysis revealed that elevated PVR is associated with significantly less hazard of complete response to medical treatment (HR: 0.52, p=0.03), while not significantly associated with abnormal flow patterns, NP, constipation or small MVV. Poor correlation was observed between DVSS/small MVV and PVR (p>0.05). In total, 100 children aged 8.5☒.3 years were enrolled for study (M: F=66:34) with 7.3☗.4 months of follow-up. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional-hazards regression tests were used to evaluate the predictors of response. The definition of abnormal flow patterns (≥1 abnormal), elevated PVR (≥1 abnormal), small maximal voided volume (MVV), nocturnal polyuria (NP) and response to treatment complied with the ICCS standardization document. All children underwent urotherapy and desmopressin combined with anticholinergics or laxatives if indicated. Children with congenital or neurogenic genitourinary tract disorders were excluded. Two uroflowmetry and PVR tests were requested. Patients were requested to complete a questionnaire including baseline characteristics and Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Score (DVSS), 2-day bladder diary, and Rome III criteria for constipation. Material and methods:Ĭhildren aged ≥6 years with PNE who visited our clinics for management of enuresis were included for study. To examine the benefits of repetitive uroflowmetry and post void residual urine (PVR) tests in children with primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE). ![]()
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